When I was six, I read the story of Thumbelina in Andrew Lang’s Blue Fairy Book. When I got to the part where she finds her beloved bird frozen dead in the snow, I burst out crying. Then, in the middle of my heartache I had an epiphany: “A story did this to me!” In that moment I decided to read books the rest of my life.
Saturday, November 23, 2013
Story Power
When I was six, I read the story of Thumbelina in Andrew Lang’s Blue Fairy Book. When I got to the part where she finds her beloved bird frozen dead in the snow, I burst out crying. Then, in the middle of my heartache I had an epiphany: “A story did this to me!” In that moment I decided to read books the rest of my life.
Monday, November 11, 2013
Characterization
As a fiction
writer, no matter what story you are telling you are writing biography: an
intimate and detailed exposition of your characters' lives and personalities. Your
challenge is to portray each of the main characters in your story as a unique
“real” person, rounded with distinctive details.
You’ve likely
heard the advice, “Show, don’t tell.” In terms of characterization this means
that merely describing a character’s disposition (f.g., “James was a lonely
widower, unsure of himself when meeting new people, especially women”) is not a
compelling way for your readers to discover that character. Rather, let your
characters reveal themselves through their thoughts, words and actions. In
this organic way, readers will feel that they get to know your fictional characters
in the same way they learn the personalities of real people in their lives.
To enable your characters to divulge
themselves you have to keep them active. Present all the important events on
stage where your readers can experience them firsthand, and not just hear about
absent scenes through the characters’ memories. (Well-written
dialogue qualifies as dynamic action, but internal monologue quickly gets
boring.).
Fuel each of your main characters with concrete problems they must struggle
to solve (or concrete goals they fight to obtain), rather than vague, abstract
goals such as “searching for happiness.” Set each person (protagonist and
antagonist) on a definite path of pursuit of what he
or she desires. Their actions will show who they are, while driving the story
forward and leading to its increasing complications, conflicts and tensions.
One of the most effective ways to reveal a
character is to describe the setting through his or her senses and emotions,
rather than neutrally, through objective narration. This technique shows the
external and internal environments at the same time, giving the whole situation
of the scene.
Below is a list I created for myself to help muse
about my characters
before writing the first page of a new story. I print out a copy
for developing each main character, allowing room to jot down notes. I hope the
list will help you to arrive at that euphoric moment when your characters come
alive for you on the page. At that point, your fingers will race over the keys
because the people inhabiting your imagination will begin to dictate their own
story.
·
NAME.
Does the character’s first and last name (or nickname) reflect his or her
personality?
·
MOTIVES.
What does this character badly want? How do events (each scene, as well as the
whole story) directly relate to this character’s specific hopes and fears? What
person(s) or forces does this character oppose?
·
SUSPENSE
FACTOR. Is there a clear-cut, highly-charged, dramatic question
(“Will she, or won’t she?”) that applies to this character’s goal(s)?
·
SURPRISES/OBSTACLES. What complication would pose
the biggest threat or challenge to this particular character?
·
REPUTATION.
Is this person known to have a short fuse? Known as a man of his word? Known as
a pushover? A winner, a loser, etc.?
·
HABITS.
Positive and negative habits. Any quirks or eccentricities?
·
ATTITUDES/LIFE
VIEW. What disposition plays a role in this character’s past or present life? Is
religion influential? Philosophy? Personal slogans? Family sayings?
·
FLAWS.
Greed, pride, jealousy, anger, shame, etc.
·
TALENTS/KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS.
Education, degrees, titles. Natural gifts. Special training, expertise.
Military experience? Hobbies, sports. Which skill set plays a direct role in
the story?
·
PAST/BACKSTORY.
Place of birth. Childhood. Crucial life-shaping experience? Most painful event
in life? Most wonderful event? Proud of what? Ashamed of what?
·
RELATIONSHIPS.
Parents. Family members. Friends (best friend/sidekick?). Memberships. Pets—importance
of pets. Is there a kinship or a prior relationship with the love interest or
adversary?
·
PROMISES.
Oaths, commitments to uphold or break?
·
SPEECH/DICTION.
What is the sound quality of this character’s voice (reedy, sonorous, smoky, etc.)?
Does she speak with street slang? An Oxford accent? Fast or slow talker? Chatterbox,
terse? Oft-used expressions?
·
TASTES
in food, clothing, music, literature, arts, etc. High-brow? Low-brow? Mixed
tastes? Natural? Pretentious?
·
PHYSICAL
APPEARANCE. Height, weight, eye color, hair color, race, body type,
distinguishing features. Posture. How the character walks, sits, talks, eats, laughs.
Tics? Mannerisms and typical gestures. How does character feel about her appearance?
·
STATUS
OBJECTS: Everyday objects that reveal a range of things about a character’s level of
income and education, materiality, attitude, and philosophy. (Does he wear a plastic
sports watch, or a Rolex Oyster? Does she drive a Jaguar or a Jeep?)
·
HOME/NEIGHBORHOOD.
Trailer, cabin, apartment, manor, etc. What is overall impression of the home?
(Cluttered? Clean? Well-planned?) Is this home, sweet home, or would the
character prefer to live elsewhere?
·
PREFERENCES.
Enjoys shopping? For what? Favorite music, movies, books. Comfort food/favorite
food? Eats burgers or alfalfa sprouts?
·
JOB/PROFESSION.
Money history and attitudes (prudent, cautious, generous?). Debts?
·
EMOTIONAL
TRAITS. How does the character react to an emergency? How does the character
handle praise, criticism? Any emotional wounds?
·
HOW
DOES THE CHARACTER CHANGE? What lessons have been learned by the story’s end?
Fine-Tuning Your Prose, PART I
Writing is rewriting. Reshaping early drafts to create a compelling tale that hurtles along may require major surgery. However, this month’s column is about the finer craft of microsurgery: strengthening and accelerating your prose, word by word, and sentence by sentence.
To enliven your prose and eliminate drag, consider the following tips.
1. Concentrate on Nouns and Verbs
A common mistake of novice writers is to doll-up drab prose by painting on colorful adjectives and adverbs. But overuse of adjectives and adverbs makes the writing flabby, and often leads to flowery or “purple” passages that are the sign of an amateur. The real key to intensifying your prose is to focus on nouns and verbs.
Nouns and verbs are the power words of language, the words that tell the story. That’s because our direct experience (before we interpret it) is simply of people, things and places (= nouns) interacting (= verbs). Nouns and verbs provide the clarity of detail and the drama of action. Consider newspaper headlines; generally, they consist only of nouns and verbs, yet they tell the essential facts: Python Attacks Baby; Mom Strangles Snake.
Vivid writing is concrete and specific. Readers can picture precise nouns easier than generic nouns. “A bug smashed against the windshield” is less specific (and less vivid) than “A dragonfly smashed against the windshield.”
This rule even applies to similes and metaphors, which are richer when you select specific nouns. “She eats like a bird” is not as easy to picture as “She eats like a sparrow.” (Or does she eat like a vulture?)
Of course these rules of thumb are not absolutes, but a matter of each writer’s personal art. Here are three versions of the same metaphor. Which do you prefer?
“Deep in her brain, lives a reptile.”
“Deep in her brain, lives a crocodile.”
“In the basement of her brain, lives a crocodile.”
Perhaps you don’t like any of them. (That’s why the DELETE key is a writer’s best friend.) Nevertheless, the third version, with specific nouns, is the easiest to visualize.
2. Turbocharge Verbs and Toss Out Adverbs
Weak verbs need the crutch of adverbs; strong verbs stride on their own.Stephen King wrote, “The road to hell is paved with adverbs,” and Gabriel Garcia Marquez (One Hundred Years of Solitude) was so opposed to adverbs that he managed to write an entire novel, Amor, without using them. Compare these two sentences (the second uses a stronger verb and no adverb):
· She set down the phone angrily.
· She slammed down the phone.
Now imagine a whole novel filled with adverbs propping up lazy verbs and you’ll understand how adverbs blunt the edge of your writing.
Adverbs aren’t needed in attributions; they provide an explanation that treats the reader as a dummy: “‘You’re the mango of my eye,’ he said, lovingly.” (This kind of flab is made fun of in a type of joke called a Tom Swifty: “I’ll have mustard on mine,” Tom said frankly.”)
By scrimping on adverbs, you eliminate “echo”—in which the adverb repeats the meaning already given by the verb. (The alarm blared loudly. The flames burned hotly. Her teeth clenched tightly.)
3. Convert From Passive to Active Sentence Construction
When you use the “passive voice” the target of the action in your sentence gets promoted to the prominent position, where the doer belongs. For example, “Her house was burned down by the soldiers” is less vivid than “The soldiers burned down her house.” The first sentence is passive construction; the second, active. Stay on the alert for the prepositions “by” or “through”—which mark the passive voice.
4. Convert Negative to Positive Statements.
Check to see if facts you have stated negatively (“the lines were not straight”) can be made more vivid by stating them positively (“the lines squiggled”).
5. Replace Abstract Adjectives with Concrete Descriptions
As with generic nouns, abstract adjectives (“beautiful,” “ugly,” “good,” “bad,” “young,” “old,” “small,” “big”) offer an imprecise image.
Ask yourself, “How ‘big’ is ‘big’”? If you mention “a big whale,” your reader can only vaguely picture its size. But if you write, “a whale the size of a school bus,” you’ve provided a concrete image.
Also, be wary of intensifier words, such as “very” and “quite,” which are used to bolster weak adjectives (“quite sad” does not convey the richness of “morose.”)
Reality check: No amount of fine-tuning individual words and sentences will revive a lifeless story. On the other hand, a first-rate story often can make up for second-rate prose (as seen in not a few blockbusters) because readers respond first and foremost to CHARACTERS and PLOT, the subjects of my two earlier posts.
Fine-Tuning Your Prose, PART II
Perfect prose won’t resuscitate flat characters stuck
in a dull story. But when you invent a fascinating tale about sympathetic
people and their compelling struggle to win love, you’ll want to tell it like a
pro. So let’s take one last look at some nitpicky prose details that
experienced writers keep in mind.
Place words you wish to emphasize at
the start or end of each sentence or phrase. Read the next two sentences out loud. “Throw your sainthood away.” “Throw
away your sainthood.” The
second sentence places the more important word at the end. Hear the subtle difference?
Following this rule both clarifies and intensifies the drama your words convey.
Don’t overuse or misuse attribution. A
simple she said or he said suffices to
keep readers on track as to who is speaking each line of dialogue—and that is
the sole purpose of attribution. When attribution is not needed to follow the
conversation, leave it out. And by all means, resist the urge to use
attributions to explain the scene. Agents and editors roll their eyes at this
kind of writing:
“I like it when you touch me like that,” she
whispered throatily.
“That so?” he asked innocently.
“Come closer,” she purred.
“Guess I know what I’m doing,” he chuckled.
Skip the travelogue. If you show your characters moving
from one setting/scene to another (on sidewalks, stairs, elevators, subways,
taxis, and so forth), make sure
the trip tells something important about the character or plot. If not, leave
out “getting there.” Think of cuts between movie scenes: first we see two
lovers chatting in a romantic restaurant; next we find them in bed. If it
doesn’t matter to the story how they got from bistro to bedroom, the director does
not waste a scene showing those irrelevant details.
Omit information that doesn’t add
to the mood, character or plot. You’ve probably heard the rule, “Show, don’t tell.”
But it’s not that simple. You must decide when to show, when to tell, and when
to ignore. The two examples below are not “right” or “wrong,” but the second uses
tighter prose, which drives a story forward in a faster pace.
·
The kitchen phone rang. Lara padded
across the Mexican tile floor in her bare feet and snatched it from its wall
cradle on the fourth ring. “Hello,” she said.
“Hello,” said a male voice with a nasal tone. She didn’t
recognize it.
·
The kitchen phone rang. Some guy
with a nasal voice Lara didn’t recognize.
Don’t overdo
first impressions. Give character
description to the reader in small doses. Mention only a few things about a
character initially and move on with the action; you can insert more features
along the way. “A lanky, red-haired kid
with a firestorm of zits” is plenty of information for the first look. The character will
go out of focus if you toss in too many descriptions at once (…and cobalt blue
eyes, large-knuckled hands, with one
shoulder lower than the other.)
Keep to a
minimum as and -ing constructions. They
make the depicted actions seem
simultaneous, and the first move appears somehow less important than the
second. In the examples below, the third reads best.
·
As she
slipped out her dagger, she spun to face the soldier.
·
Slipping out her dagger, she spun to face
the soldier.
·
She slipped out her dagger and spun to face the soldier.
Purge stale language. It’s fine when your characters speak in occasional
clichés, because we all talk like that. But aside from writing realistic
dialogue, don’t grab the following phrases off the cliché shelf: an emotional
rollercoaster, little did she know, better than ever, as fate would have it,
needless to say, well in advance, in over her head, for some curious reason, a
number of, as everybody knows, things got out of hand, it came as no surprise,
it was beyond her, the time flew. Obviously, the list continues. Set your cliché
alarm to buzz a warning.
Be wary of “very.” Modifiers (very, so, just, still, quite, somewhat,
rather) muddy your prose. If the adjective needs the crutch of a modifier,
replace it with a better descriptive word (“very weak” does not sound as feeble
as “puny”).
Feeling intimidated by so many rules to bear in mind? Let me suggest a
strategy many writers employ. When you first set your story to writing, switch
off The Editor and let your wild heart roam. Only after you’ve captured words on
the page—at the end of a day, or scene, or chapter—put your editor’s mind to
task, analyzing and improving story structure and polishing your prose. And remember what Pablo Picasso said: “Learn
the rules like a professional, so you can break them like an artist.”
Classic Story Structure
No untrained musician grabs a sax and makes it
wail like “the Trane” (John Coltrane). Saxophonists, novelists—all
artists—first need to learn the rudiments; only then can they riff.
Among the rudiments of storytelling is classic
story structure—and I do mean “classic.” Aristotle first explained these plot
elements in The Poetics (4th century B.C.E.), the
earliest known work of literary theory. All the world’s literary masterpieces,
as well as contemporary romances and thrillers, mysteries and fantasies, can be
broken down to the same building blocks that Aristotle pointed out millennia
ago.
Before you try experimenting with tricky story
structures (stories that begin at the end and then reconstruct the beginning;
stories where the narrator is deluded, or is a liar, or has no long-term
memory, etc.) you would do well to learn the basic dramatic structure that has
worked so well since ancient times.
You may worry that if you build a story using
a time-worn formula your romantic tale will turn out to be one big cliché. Yet
given the many far-ranging variables in character, motivation, setting,
events—and the author’s unique voice—it is rare for well-written tales to end
up as clones (though fans of romance and other genre literature will expect to
encounter familiar themes, such as the redemptive power of love).
Here then, in minimalist form, is the classic
story structure used by Aristophanes and Shakespeare and Nora Roberts.
·
Something dramatic happens to
someone, creating a serious problem or provoking a deep desire for something
she wants very badly.
·
The drama takes place within a
specific, concrete setting (the setting should not be arbitrary, but an integral
element of the story).
·
She fights back or pursues her goal,
driven by a strong need created by her character and her past. Forces or
persons try to stop her, but she keeps pressing forward because something
critical to her heart is at stake.
·
Things get more complicated and she
plunges ever deeper into difficulties and danger. These obstacles arise
logically from her efforts to gain her goal.
·
Her troubles escalate, everything
grows worse.
·
Troubles become monumental, and the
protagonist is finally forced by the circumstances to discover a truth about
herself or the world. This important lesson enables her to break through to
make a critical decision or a personal change.
·
At last, she gains her goal and satisfies
her need.
Here is a slightly different look at this same
classic story structure:
·
A person (The Protagonist)
·
In a place (The Setting)
·
Has a problem. (The
Conflict/Antagonist. Look for specific characters and troubles
tailored to hurt and challenge this particular character. Remember that
an internal conflict often carries a story farther than external
troubles.)
·
The person takes her best shot at
solving the problem. (The Action)
·
Things get worse.(The Complications,
full of surprises, twists, setbacks)
·
Troubles hit rock bottom. (The Pit—which
usually awakens The Insight and then The Choice.)
·
The protagonist confronts her
opposition (internal and/or external) in a showdown. (The Climax).
·
The story resolves—and in a romance,
it typically resolves joyfully. (The End, with perhaps a brief
denouement or epilogue).
Learn well this ancient, archetypal structure,
which virtually all successful stories follow. Then improvise your heart out.
Story Questions
In effect,
every successful story asks and then answers a “story question.” In the example
above, the reader meets Joe, who is caught in a bear trap and struggling to get
free. Obviously, the story’s question is, Will
Joe be able to free himself and survive? We read on, trusting the author will supply us
with a satisfying answer.
If you are not
clear on your story’s plot, it is likely because you do not know your story’s
questions. Once you ask these questions, you will vividly see where the story’s
action must lead to provide the answers.
Here, then, are some basic story questions to
consider when plotting your novel:
Whose story is it? (Who suffers most? Who changes most? Who is most active?) This is the protagonist.
What does this main character badly want?
Who or what gets in the way of her getting it? This is the antagonist.
(Repeat this list of questions when fleshing out the antagonist.)
What is the internal conflict?
What are the main characters’ weaknesses (limitations, flaws, baggage)? Hint: internal conflict often pushes a story along better than external conflict.
What is the external conflict?
What are the confrontations? The setbacks? (What goes wrong with the plans?)
Are there any twists (unexpected obstacles that make things more complicated)?
How do things keep getting worse?
What is the worst thing that can happen to this particular character? (Not just any nightmare, but this specific character’s worst nightmare.) Is time running out?
What is the revelation? (The insight, the new understanding of self or world.)
What is the choice? (The revelation, above, leads to a decision—often a change in character.)
What is the showdown?
How does it finally end? You may not know when you begin Chapter One. That’s okay. Some authors don’t want to know the end ahead of time. Trust that the resolution will come to you as you develop your characters and their tale comes alive.
The reader wants to learn the overall “story
question” early in the tale, because this major question runs the length of the
whole story, driving the action (and the reader’s interest). Additionally, the
most compelling stories have minor questions embedded in every chapter or even
every scene (“Will she grab his attention? Will she land the job?”). Stories
that are impossible to put down delay answering the questions set up in one
chapter until a later chapter—and by then, of course, the plot evokes more
story questions that the reader longs to satisfy. (“How is she going to get out
of this mess?”)
You need to consider your story’s questions prior
to writing, during the plotting stage of your novel. It doesn’t mean you have
to know exactly how the novel is going to unfold or end (and you may not
want to know in advance). However,
you need confidence the story has enough drive to sustain itself until the
climax and final sentence. Musing about your story’s questions will lead you to
have a strong sense of the story’s direction, and you will know most of the
important consequences and complications that will unfold.
Wednesday, March 20, 2013
Second Nature
“The book’s large amount of exposition—on everything from nanotechnology to cetacean biology—is smoothly integrated into the fast-paced narrative.” --- Kirkus Reviews
When the heart sees more keenly than the eye, beauty is unexpectedly found.
Gen is a teen-age woman. She is also a bio-warfare research project,
designed by Col. Jack Eberhard. Born at Redstone Military Laboratories inside a
quarantine unit rated Biohazard Level Four, Gen’s body
harbors billions of microscopic organisms that have mutated from her genetically
altered cells. The tiny entities in Gen’s
tissues control life at the molecular level and Eberhard weekly tests
their ability to heal the simulated combat
wounds he inflicts on her.
When a deadly threat forces Gen to escape the
lab, she discovers that her marvelous power to reconstruct living tissue, from
proteins to cells to whole organs, enables her to transform herself bodily into
any animal whose DNA she collects through a simple touch.
While in the form of a dolphin, Gen saves dolphin
researcher Cade Seaborne from drowning. Her heartfelt attraction to him compels
her to spontaneously shape-shift back into human form; but the morphing is
incomplete and Cade encounters Gen as a woman with her head and face hideously
deformed.
As Gen struggles with her dilemma of falling
in love with a kind-hearted man who nonetheless regards her as pitifully ugly,
the evolving microscopic life-forms inside her compel her to complete a frightening
journey to fulfill their mysterious mission. Meanwhile, Eberhard has tracked down
Gen and he’s sending in Special Forces to carry out a priority-one Executive
Order: capture and destroy his dangerous experiment. When Cade at last recognizes beauty behind
the mask of a beast, he’ll give his life to protect the unusual woman he
cherishes. And he learns that love has its own transformative power.
Michael
Crichton meets Hans Christian Anderson in this romantic thriller with the
brains of science fiction and the heart of a fairy tale.
Tuesday, March 19, 2013
Men's Locker Room Clash
I’m standing naked next
to a 50-something dude in the men’s locker room, where two rules always apply:
1) Talk only about sports, 2) Don’t eye each other’s genitals.
The guy has got an exotic language tattooed on his right shoulder and I read it aloud: “‘Om mani padme hum,’” I say, “In Tibetan.”
“That’s what it says,” he agrees, “but it’s not Tibetan. It’s Sanskrit.”
“The words are Sanskrit,” I say, “but that script on your shoulder is Tibetan.” I flash my left shoulder tattoo at him, to show him a true Sanskrit Om. “The Uchen script in your tattoo was developed in the 7th century, based on an Indic alphabet. That’s why it looks a bit like Sanskrit, but you can see it’s not the same.” I point to my right shoulder, upon which is tattooed the Sanskrit syllable Hrim. “Compare the letter ‘H.’” I point to the Sanskrit “H” on my shoulder and then to the Tibetan “H” in the word Hum on his shoulder. “See?” My pointer finger does not penetrate his zone of personal space, but it hovers dangerously close.
The guy glares at me. We were supposed to be chatting about football, and now I’ve unintentionally challenged his manhood. Besides, any man as hairy as I am should be incapable of articulating more than bearish grunts. Is it too late to ask, “How ‘bout them Seminoles?”
“My root guru is Avalokiteshvara,” he tells me, in an attempt at one-upmanship.
“The Buddha of Infinite Compassion,” I say, defeating his secret code almost before the words have left his lips. His eyes turn downward. My Kung-Fu is stronger than his. He retreats to the shower.
I think to shout after him, “The English word ‘clash’ is derived from the same Indo-European root as the Sanskrit word ‘klesha.’” But I keep that information to myself.
It’s a good thing we weren’t talking about football; I don’t know a damned thing about football.
The guy has got an exotic language tattooed on his right shoulder and I read it aloud: “‘Om mani padme hum,’” I say, “In Tibetan.”
“That’s what it says,” he agrees, “but it’s not Tibetan. It’s Sanskrit.”
“The words are Sanskrit,” I say, “but that script on your shoulder is Tibetan.” I flash my left shoulder tattoo at him, to show him a true Sanskrit Om. “The Uchen script in your tattoo was developed in the 7th century, based on an Indic alphabet. That’s why it looks a bit like Sanskrit, but you can see it’s not the same.” I point to my right shoulder, upon which is tattooed the Sanskrit syllable Hrim. “Compare the letter ‘H.’” I point to the Sanskrit “H” on my shoulder and then to the Tibetan “H” in the word Hum on his shoulder. “See?” My pointer finger does not penetrate his zone of personal space, but it hovers dangerously close.
The guy glares at me. We were supposed to be chatting about football, and now I’ve unintentionally challenged his manhood. Besides, any man as hairy as I am should be incapable of articulating more than bearish grunts. Is it too late to ask, “How ‘bout them Seminoles?”
“My root guru is Avalokiteshvara,” he tells me, in an attempt at one-upmanship.
“The Buddha of Infinite Compassion,” I say, defeating his secret code almost before the words have left his lips. His eyes turn downward. My Kung-Fu is stronger than his. He retreats to the shower.
I think to shout after him, “The English word ‘clash’ is derived from the same Indo-European root as the Sanskrit word ‘klesha.’” But I keep that information to myself.
It’s a good thing we weren’t talking about football; I don’t know a damned thing about football.
Sunday, February 3, 2013
The Improbable Doctor Canter Museum
I've seen only one photo of my father as a young man, a black-and-white snapshot: he’s 15, thick black hair and bad acne, leaning against a big elm, cradling three or four thick books under his arm.
I like the photo because it puts his bibliomania into perspective. At an age when other boys in Baltimore were getting into stickball, sandlot football and trouble, Nathan Canter was getting into Kierkegaard, Melville and The Origin of Species.
In his late 20s, as a bookwormish Army surgeon, he met and married my mother, a ward clerk at the Perry Point, Maryland, veteran’s hospital. Twelve years and three sons later, they divorced. Without a wife and kids there was no longer a check on my father’s craving for books. He was free to marry his true mistress and devote himself as faithful husband to his ever-expanding library.
Naturally, his collection only began with books. Soon my father accumulated anything that grabbed his peculiar intellect. The mass of books, antiques, art and curios rapidly metastasized to invade every cell and nook of his Rochester, New York home, until the old house was densely packed with objects beautiful and monstrous. It was not so much a museum as it was a museum warehouse, for there was scarcely enough space for a person to squeeze from one room to the next, and only the initiates, the inner circle, were invited into his live-in athenaeum and gallery, by way of the back door.
Inside, one found sunless rooms with floor-to-ceiling bookcases jammed shoulder-to-shoulder, stuffed with antiquarian volumes, reeking with the dark breath of crackled leather. Plus thousands of books in cardboard boxes, stacked to form head-tall canyon walls through which human traffic was forced to scuttle sideways. Boxes stacked in the hallways and perched down the stairs to the cellar and up the stairs to the bedrooms; my father’s antique Pennsylvania Dutch bed always heaped with books—fifty or more—which he shoved aside to make space to sleep. Boxes piled high in the walk-in pantry, loaded atop and under and around the kitchen table, mounded in the bathroom. Solid walls of boxes sealing off unused rooms like ancient building blocks; so that to enter the lost spaces one had to mine a tunnel through the block walls, like an archaeologist excavating the Temple at Jerusalem.
The sheer weight of my father’s archives overwhelmed the woodframe house. Both the upper and lower floors squeaked and sagged from their heavy cargoes, like decks of a clipper ship with overloaded holds, coming apart at her beams. Ceilings bulged; plaster shattered and fell like hail.
In addition to books, so much other stuff added to the tonnage. A human skull was not out of place in the strange mix—browse around and you’d come across several—male and female—also human femurs, tibias, fibulas, a specimen box with the complete skeleton of a Seneca Indian child; a death mask made of wax poured over the face of an ax murderer’s victim for use as courtroom evidence in bygone days; a Union Army surgeon’s field bag with tools a carpenter would feel at home with: saws, drills, pliers, hammers, punches.
A squid, a human brain and other vague, fleshy things floated in formaldehyde in glass jars—relics from an extinct 1920s scientific supply company. Yellowed posters from the world wars, one warning Londoners to watch out for Zeppelins, another advertising the luxuries of a trans-Atlantic crossing aboard the Lusitania; a handpainted bill announcing a minstrel in blackface “To perform on the Delta Queen,” one summer night in 1863.
A huge bull moose head stared dumbly from the living room wall alongside a 12-point stag, mighty elk, bighorned ram, spotted lynx, a gruesome boar and a giant garfish. In the center of the room, dozens of Amazonian hummingbird species perched lifelessly from a tree inside a glass display case bigger than a refrigerator.
Scale-model ships in lead from every navy of WWII. Metal signs, a vaudeville marquee. Apothecary jars with herbs and powders. More than four-hundred African masks. Tin toys, campaign buttons, ephemera. Surprises.
So much stuff.
Somehow, enmeshed among his books and things, my father managed to sleep, eat, read, bathe, read, go to work, read—that is: to live. One Chanukah, my brother Bram—whom our father named after Bram Stoker, the Irish author of Dracula—was visiting him. Bram told me they heard footsteps approaching, crunching on the crusty snow.
“Oh, here comes Mrs. Steinglitz,” my father said. “She buys any book that has pictures of roses. Listen, if she mentions me not living here just go along with it.”
“She thinks you don't live here?”
“Well the first time she came into the house she looked around and said, ‘Dr. Canter, you don’t live here, do you?’ And I told her, ‘Nooooo. How could anyone live here?’”
I hadn’t seen my father for six years when I arrived in June 1968—the Summer of Love—to spend my high school senior year sharing a few cubic feet of free space with him and the paper dust in his museum/warehouse, shifting boxes from one section of a cardboard canyon to another.
I said, “Dad, you don't even know what you’ve got in your collection.”
“Sure I do,” he said. “I'm just not sure where everything is to be found.”
“Why don't you catalog the stuff?” I suggested. “Draw a locator map.”
He frowned. “That's the Nazi mentality. That's the kind of task an S.S. officer would enjoy.”
My teen-age friends thought the house was a blast. "Bitchin’!" they’d say when they saw the wax death mask, or "Far out man!" as they examined the 18th-Century Japanese pillow books of erotic woodblock prints. I personally remember that year for a particular moonlit night, the last time I was afraid of the dark; home alone, my father sewing up gunshot wounds in the ER at St. Mary’s; me alone with the oil paintings subtly alive in their ornate frames, and that damned wooden monkey with glass eyeballs I had to squeeze past to get to my wedge-shaped attic bedroom.
I got mad at my fear. "Dammit, I'm 16," I said aloud to my father’s house. "You’re a deadly creepy place—but I'm not a baby anymore." The anger worked. I sprawled on my folding metal cot under the converging ceiling and walls with the bare tree limbs scritch-scritching at the panes in the gable, and I fell asleep. It would be another decade before Stephen King became a household name, and this helped.
In my thirties I returned to Rochester for a Thanksgiving visit from my home in St. Petersburg, Florida. I found my father sitting in his reading chair beneath the glazed eyes of the bull moose, the old man wrapped in a heavy winter coat, wool with fake fur collar, balding head tucked in a wool cap pulled low over large ears. As we spoke the condensation from our breaths formed little Loony-Toon balloons in the dusty air.
"Dad, its cold in here."
"I keep the thermostat at 48," he said.
"Why?"
"I'm not gonna give the damn utility company more money that it deserves!"
"But I can't take this,” I said, “I'm a Southerner, remember?"
He sighed. “All right. We’ll have to make our way back to the thermostat."
The room with the thermostat was stacked within inches of its 10-foot ceiling with boxes of books. The excavation took a couple hours. We found a lot of interesting things—items he had forgotten about—I mean, besides the petrified Chihuahua turds. My father kept an old Chihuahua named Cocoa that had not been trained to relieve itself outdoors. I once took the clickety little she-dog outside and her bulging brown eyes rolled upward at the cloudless winter sky and Cocoa nearly had an existential breakdown—fear and trembling and gnashing of teeth—her limits smithereened.
In his latter days, Nathan Canter, M.D.—that's what my brothers and I call him, because that's how he signed his four or five letters to us over the decades (one handwritten letter, plus two photocopies for his three sons)—"Your loving father, Nathan Canter, M.D."—my dad, was severely stricken with a disease named after another doctor, Parkinson. We moved him from Rochester into a Tallahassee nursing home. I built him a small bookcase and stuffed it with books from my den.
For half a year Dr. Canter sat in diapers in a wheelchair, reading books with a philatelist’s magnifying glass, while his 93-year-old roommate mumbled over and over, “Hurry up, let’s go.” My father fed on his standard diet of literature; his roommate, a former Florida legislator, ate tepid porridge: The body of one had given out as had the mind of the other.
My parting image of my father: He’s in his wheelchair, magnifying glass in one trembling hand, reading limericks. Two days later, at age 77, he was done reading—that is to say, dead.
He wanted as his epitaph: Ars longa, vita brevis. Art is long, life is short. My brothers and I scattered his ashes like so many tiny pages—ex libris: Nathan Canter, M.D.
Jonathan, Bram and I will never again visit the Rochester house and share its available oxygen with the musty essence of a set of Encyclopedia Britannica, first edition. The hodgepodge temple to my father’s eccentric psyche, built of tomes and treasures in unmarked cardboard boxes has been emptied—its contents sold at auction. The auction’s biggest item: a tin toy German oceanliner, with an alcohol-burning steam engine, fetched $49,000. My father had paid $20 for it. An art collector bought the wooden monkey with the glass eyes (a Revolutionary War-era advertising prop) for $8,000. Even the house itself was sold, after a structural engineer figured out how to brace up the sagging floors.
Only after we’d dumped 60 cubic feet of trash, did we learn of the unframed Albrecht Durer oil-on-canvas: Missing. All you trash hounds, be on the lookout for it, somewhere at the Monroe County, N.Y., dump. I tease you not.
I've brought back a few beautiful and bizarre curios to my home. As I sit writing this, a ceremonial mask from Ghana glares at me from my office wall: a monkey clenching a snake in its teeth, perched on the head of a bearded demon.
Bitchin’, man. You oughta see it.
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